| Common name | Chemical name | Formula |
| Alcohol, wood | methanol, methyl alcohol | CH3OH |
| Alcohol, grain | Ethanol or ethyl alcohol | C2H5OH |
| Alcohol, rubbing | 2-propanol, propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol | |
| Alcohol | Ethyl alcohol | |
| Alka Seltzer | Sodium bicarbonate | |
| Alum | Potassium aluminum sulfate dodecahydrate | |
| Alumina | Aluminum oxide | Al2O3 |
| Alundum | Fused alumina | |
| Antifreeze | Ethylene glycol | |
| Antipersperant | Aluminum chlorohydrate | |
| Aqua regia | 1:3 mixture of nitric and hydrochloric acids | HNO3+HCl |
| Aspirin | Acetyl salicylic acid | |
| Baking soda | Sodium hydrogen carbonate | NaHCO3 |
| Baking powder | Sodium bicarbonate | |
| Banana oil | Amyl acetate | |
| Baryta | Barium oxide | |
| Barytes | Barium sulfate | |
| Battery acid | Sulfuric acid | |
| Bauxite | Hydrated aluminum oxide | |
| Benzol | Benzene | |
| Bleach (laundry) | Sodium hypochlorite | NaClO |
| Bleaching powder | Calcium chloride hypochlorite | |
| Blue vitrol | Copper (II) sulfate | CuSO4*5H2O |
| Bluestone | Copper II sulfate pentahydrate | CuSO3*5H2O |
| Boracic acid | Boric acid | |
| Borax | Sodium tetraborate decahydrate | Na2B4O7*10H2O |
| Brass | Alloy of copper and zinc | |
| Brimstone | Sulfur | S |
| Bronze | Alloy of copper and tin | |
| Calamine | Zinc carbonate | |
| Calcite | Calcium carbonate | |
| Calgon | Calcium hexametaphosphate | |
| Calomel | Mercurous chloride | |
| Carbolic acid | Phenol | |
| Carbon tetrachloride | Tetrachloromethane | CCl4 |
| Carborundum | Silicon carbide | |
| Caustic soda | Sodium hydroxide | |
| Chalk | Calcium carbonate | |
| Chile saltpeter | Sodium nitrate | |
| Chloroform | Trichloromethane | CHCl3 |
| Chlorox | Hypochlorus acid | |
| Chrome yellow | Lead chromate | |
| Cinnabar | Mercury II sulfide | HgS |
| Club soda | Carbonic acid | |
| Copperas | Hydrated ferrous sulfate | |
| Corrosive sublimate | Mercuric chloride | |
| Cream of tartar | Potassium hydrogen tartrate | KHC4H4O6 |
| DDT | Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane | |
| Dextrose | Glucose | |
| Diamond | Carbon | C |
| Dolomite | Calcium magnesium carbonate | CaCO3*MgCO3 |
| Drano | Sodium hydroxide | |
| Easy-off oven cleaner | Sodium hydroxide | |
| Egg shells | Calcium carbonate | |
| Epsom salts | Magnesium sulfate heptahydrate | MgSO4*7H2O |
| Ether | Ethyl ether | |
| Ex-lax | Phenolphthalein | |
| Fertilizer component | Ammonium nitrate | |
| Flurostan | Stannous fluoride | |
| Fool's gold | Iron Pyrites | |
| Formalin | 40% solution of formaldehyde | |
| Freon (refrigerant) | Dichlorodifluoromethane | CCl2F2 |
| Galena | Zinc sulfide | |
| Galena | Lead II sulfide | PbS |
| Glauber's salt | Hydrated sodium sulfate | |
| Glycerine | Glycerol | |
| Grain alcohol | Ethanol or ethyl alcohol | C2H5OH |
| Graphite | Carbon | C |
| Green vitriol | Hydrated ferrous sulfate | |
| Gypsum | Calcium sulfate dihydrate | CaSO4*2H2O |
| Heavy water | Deuterium oxide | |
| Hypo | Sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate | Na2S2O3*5H2O |
| Ice bite | Calcium chloride | |
| Invert sugar | Mixture of glucose and fructose | |
| Laughing gas | Dinitrogen oxide | N2O |
| Levulose | Fructose | |
| Lime | Calcium oxide | CaO |
| Limestone | Calcium carbonate | CaCO3 |
| Liquid paper | Titanium dioxide | |
| Lite salt | Potassium chloride | |
| Litharge | Lead monoxide | |
| Lithopone | Mixture of zinc sulfide and barium sulfate | |
| Liver of sulfur | Potassium sulfide | |
| LOX | Liquid oxygen | |
| Lunar caustic | Silver nitrate | |
| Lye | Sodium hydroxide | NaOH |
| Magnesia | Magnesium oxide | |
| Marble | Calcium carbonate | CaCO3 |
| Margarine | Partially saturated fatty acid | |
| Marsh gas | Methane | |
| MEK | Methyl ethyl ketone | CH3COC2H5 |
| Microcosmic salt | Hydrated sodium ammonium hydrogen phosphate | |
| Milk sugar | Lactose | |
| Milk of magnesia | Magnesium hydroxide | Mg(OH)2 |
| Milk of lime | Calcium hydroxide | |
| Mohr's salt | Hydrated ferrous ammonium sulfate | |
| Moth balls | Naphthalene | |
| Msg | Sodium hydrogen glutamate | |
| Muriatic acid | Hydrochloric acid | HCl |
| Nutrasweet | Aspartame | |
| Oil of bitter almonds | Benzaldehyde | |
| Oil of vitriol | Sulfuric acid (conc.) | H2SO4 |
| Oil of mirbane | Nitrobenzene | |
| Oil of vitriol | Concentrated sulfuric acid | |
| Oil of winter green | Methyl salicylate | |
| Oleum | Fuming sulfuric acid | |
| Paris green | Double salt of copper acetate and copper arsenite | |
| Perier | Carbonic acid | |
| Pewter | Alloy of tin, antimony, copper, and lead | |
| Phosgene | Carbonyl chloride | |
| Photographic hypo | Sodium thiosoulfate | |
| Picric acid | Trinitrophenol | |
| Plaster | Calcium hydroxide | |
| Plaster of Paris | Calcium sulfate hemihydrate | CaSO4*(1/2)H2O |
| Potash | Potassium carbonate | K2CO3 |
| Prussian blue | Ferric ferrocyanide | |
| Pyrite (fool's gold) | Iron disulfide | FeS2 |
| Quartz | Silicon dioxide | SiO2 |
| Quicklime | Calcium oxide | |
| Quicksilver | Mercury | Hg |
| Rochelle salt | Potassium sodium tartrate | |
| Rolaids | Dihydroxyaluminum sodium carbonate | |
| Rouge | Ferric oxide | |
| Rubbing alcohol | 2-propanol, propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol | |
| Sal ammoniac | Ammonium chloride | NH4Cl |
| Sal soda | Hydrated sodium carbonate | |
| Sal ammoniac | Ammonium chloride | |
| Salt, table | Sodium chloride | NaCl |
| Salt, lite | Potassium chloride | |
| Saltpeter | Potassium nitrate | KNO3 |
| Sand | Silicon dioxide | SiO2 |
| Sani-flush | Sodium bisulfate | |
| Saran wrap | Poly-1,1-dichloroethylene | |
| Silica | Silicon dioxide | |
| Slaked lime | Calcium hydroxide | Ca(OH)2 |
| Smelling salts | Ammonium carbonate | |
| Soda ash (washing soda) | Sodium carbonate | |
| Solder | Alloy of tin and antimony | |
| Sugar | Sucrose | |
| Sugar, table | Sucrose | C12H22O11 |
| Sugar of lead | Hydrated lead acetate | |
| Sun-tan lotion | Para-aminobenzoic acid | |
| Teflon | A polymer of tetrafluoroethylene | |
| TNT | Trinitrotoluene | |
| Toluol | Toluene | |
| TSP | (Tri) Sodium Phosphate | Na3PO4 |
| Tums | Calcium carbonate | |
| Turnbull's blue | Ferrous ferricyanide | |
| Tylenol | Acetominophen | |
| Vinegar | Acetic acid, ethanoic acid | |
| Vitamin C | Ascorbic acid | |
| Washing soda | Sodium carbonate decahydrate | NaCO3*10H2O |
| Washing soda | Hydrated sodium carbonate | |
| Water softener | Barium hydroxide | |
| White lead | Basic lead carbonate | |
| Windex | Ammonia | |
| Wood alcohol | Methyl alcohol, methanol | CH3OH |
| Zinc blend | Zinc sulfide |